Wind speed measurements are crucial to weather forecasting, aircraft and maritime operations, plant research, and construction projects. Anemometers are produced in several different forms, each of which is most suitable for a specific application, as shown in the table below. Wind speed - properly, the change in air velocity - is measured by an anemometer, which is also known as a wind speed meter or air speed meter. Complex weather meters may measure multiple conditions listed below. Weather instruments are classified foremost by the type of atmospheric conditions they measure. Due to the variety of instrument quantity and quality, however, amateur reporting is subject to wide variations in measurement accuracy. Personal weather stations are sometimes established for the sole enjoyment of the owner, but data from these stations is often shared through initiatives such as the Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP) for short-term forecasting.
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Weather instruments are used by professional meteorologists and amateurs alike.
Image credit: McKinney Automatic Weather Station This particular station includes three different anemometer placements for wind measurement, a rain gauge, and an unobstructed solar sensor. The crude drawing below shows a typical weather station setup.
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For example, wind measurement instruments must be placed in an area which is completely free from obstructions which may interfere with natural wind conditions, while placing temperature or humidity instruments in direct sun often results in inaccurate measurements. Placement of weather instruments in of key importance when taking measurements. These measurements can be taken manually or automatically, depending on the capabilities of the device. They measure and display information about atmospheric conditions for the purpose of weather forecasting and study.
Weather instruments include sensors, gauges, and other devices designed to measure one or multiple weather conditions.
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